Criminally High Prices at Auction

Picasso once famously described painting as an ‘offensive and defensive weapon against the enemy’. A weapon indeed, but perhaps not the sort one might expect to be found in the hands of a convicted killer. Nevertheless, some might be surprised to hear that infamy and artistry have a long history of collaboration, and the industry even has a name; Murderabilia. Whether it be personal artefacts owned by criminals, or artwork created by them, the market for mobsters, gangsters and serial killers is thriving, with pieces selling for substantial sums at auction. 

One such work by Ronnie Kray, the younger of the now notorious Kray twins, considered by many to be the foremost perpetrators of organised crime in the East End of London by the 1960s, is now up for grabs in our next Fine Art and Antiques auction in March. Entitled ‘Charlie on Tractor’ it depicts Ronnie and Reggie’s older brother in a rural idyl, with Ronnie’s trademark white cottage painted in the distance - his notion of an ideal home. The style is naive, childlike even, a technique adopted by both brothers in their art, something which they embarked upon after their imprisonment for murder in 1969. 

Ronnie Kray acrylic on canvas, dated 1971, Parkhurst Prison
Titled to the reverse 'Charlie on Tractor' beside Ronnie's prison number 

The brothers are not alone in their pursuit, Michael Gordon Peterson, better known as Charles Bronson, and more recently Charles Salvador (in reverence to Salvador Dali) is also a keen artist. His darkly humorous paintings, drawings and poetry being both exhibited and sold during his tenure in prison. Used occasionally as part of psychotherapy, in some instances art can be deployed as a means of self-expression and communication, and as a result may be viewed upon as an insight into the criminal mind; studying what their subconscious prompted them to paint or draw. Although one must be mindful of over-indulging in cod psychology, as tempting as it seems. 

A drawing by Charles Salvador (Bronson) sold in 2014 

The criminal artist is certainly not a new phenomenon, Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) the Italian revolutionary painter was constantly in trouble for his aggressive ways on the mean streets of early 17th Century Rome, where sword fights were common practice. Inevitably he killed a man in a duel on a piazza and fled, and his subsequent works seem haunted by the shadows they populate. Richard Dadd, the 19th Century popular painter of fairy-folk produced many of his masterpieces whilst in hospital, receiving treatment for what the Victorian’s dubbed an ‘unsound mind’, now schizophrenia, following the murder of his own father in 1843. Today graffiti artists create masterpieces, their nature in pure defiance of the law, with Banksy making a career from stencilling places that he shouldn’t. A small part of his allure is driven by his anonymity, and his ability to evade capture and conviction, his real name rumoured to be ‘Robin Banks’ (ahem). He is the cloaked political artist of the day, or hi-viz should we say, given Banksy’s penchant for ‘hiding in plain sight’. 

Caravaggio David with the Head of Goliath, 1607 
Kunsthistorisches Museum Gemäldegalerie, Vienna

E.H Gombrich summed it up in the opening chapter of his seminal book The Story of Art, declaring ‘There is no such thing as art. There are only artists’. This is certainly the case when placing a value on art at auction, where you may hear the term ‘form’ banded about. This simply refers to the artist’s oeuvre, or body of work if you prefer, and the impact the artist has made on the world. That’s why my paint splashes don’t have quite the same gravitas as those produced by Jackson Pollock. 

At the end of the day the market is the ultimate arbiter, and in this case it has well and truly spoken.  Specialist websites for such material have sprang up in recent years, and in 2009 eight paintings by the Kray brothers sold for an astonishing £12,200 at auction. ‘Charlie on Tractor’ carries a more modest pre-sale estimate of £200-400 in our March 14th auction. 

GN

Banksy. Works by the artist can now fetch £20,000-40,000 at auction  

Watch out for a windfall

Mobile phones, cameras and watches have one thing in common; we all own a succession of them throughout the course of a lifetime, and yet seldom dispose of the old ones. Furthermore, watches in particular are a very personal possession, and inherited examples often exercise a special sentimental hold on the descendants of their original owners. For this reason large numbers of long neglected watches are to be found in many a bureau drawer or jewellery box, passed down through generations.  

As an auctioneer I am commonly presented with such accumulations of timepieces. Often replaced because of a fault, possibly a cracked crystal or over-wound mainspring. Sometimes simply forsaken because of changes in fashion or technology; how many good mechanical watches were abandoned at the advent of the digital age? While some of these remnants to time long-since past are of but modest value, most are collectable to come extent, and others are valuable in the extreme. 

First things first, let’s get one thing out of the way, and differentiate between gold and silver-cased watches. Regardless of variety or condition, the former will have a value, so for the purposes of this article assume we are discussing silver or non-precious metallic examples. Now let us divide the subject into those worn in the pocket, and those on the wrist. The origins of the former lie in the 15th Century, when they were first known as pocket-clocks, though these are rare, and most of us will only encounter those from the Georgian or Victorian eras. The former most commonly run on a verge type movement, using an escapement ancient in origin, indeed most old church tower clocks are of this type. These watches also commonly have two cases and are thus termed ‘pair-cased’. Not rare as such, the value starts at around £100, although early 18^th century examples can sell for £2,000-3,000. The verge was gradually replaced during the 19th Century by the more accurate lever escapement, a watch of slimmer proportions. 

Such Victorian examples are the most commonly encountered, and variations include smaller examples worn by women, known as fob watches, and hunters and half-hunters, both with hinged protective covers to their faces for more active pursuits. Unexceptional examples generally sell at between £30 and £80, although again, higher values can be achieved. Find one such with a repeater movement, indicating the time by means of chimes, or having a chronometer movement, or perhaps a Masonic or military example and you could be looking at closer to £1000. 

The First World War changed the way watches were worn, and how indeed the majority of us wear them to this day. It is generally accepted that it was demands from soldiers serving in the trenches for a more practical means of carriage that brought about the wristwatch. Small wristwatches dating to the early 20th Century are today commonly (and erroneously) referred to as trench watches, and regardless of quality or condition the market for such is strong, and prices high. Poor examples start at a few tens of pounds, though examples with prestigious movements such as Longines or with patent guards to protect the crystals can sell for closer to £300. The current vogue for military issue watches of all periods has driven prices of late. Values often appear out of proportion to the utilitarian appearance of these military issue pieces. Find a Second World War army or RAF issue watch by say the International Watch Company and you’ll likely have a timepiece worth £2,000-3,000 at auction. A military issue Rolex Submariner can fetch up to £50,000.

In our modern, brand-driven economy, names such as Rolex, Omega and Breitling are as familiar as Mercedes and Ferrari. More than anything else it is such names that add value to post-War wristwatches. As money in the bank is viewed as a wasting asset, many are choosing to enjoy their wealth and indeed wear it. Demand for elite watches is strong, and prices for such are on the rise. 

Perhaps now is the time to revisit Grandad’s old army wristwatch or Dad’s long-service presentation Rolex.